possibly the above preparations to be taken together 2-4-6 times daily. Syzygium compositum(with accompanying diabetes mellitus) Chelidonium-Homaccord(with hepatic-biliary involvement)
Syzygium compositum(diabetes mellitus, disturbances of the sugar balance) Comedones which have been squeezed out should be thoroughly rubbed immediately with a wad of cotton wool soaked in alcohol, and then Traumeel S ointment applied thinly.
Cerebrum compositum (regulation of the central vegetative control). Colon suis-Injeel(regulation of the intestinal function and intestinal flora). Vesica fellea suis-Injeel(stimulation of bile excretion).
Progressive auto-sanguis therapy with the above as well as with the acids of the citric acid cycle (Acidum DL-malicum-Injeel etc.)
Strictly sutoxin-free diet; treatment with bolus alba. See also acne rosacea, abscesses.
Tonsilla compositum(powerful stimulation of the body’s own defensive forces) Engystol N at intervals during suspension of therapy, as the sole therapeutic agent, three times weekly i.v.
Medical history indicates autohemotherapy’s effects to have first been recognized as a result of the following observation: in persons having sustained blunt traumata with haematoma formation, other affections were also discovered to vanish during the course of haematoma absorbtion. Consequently, therapy with the patient‘s own blood (autohaemotherapy) initially consisted of withdrawing a small quantity of blood from the patient and immediately re-introducing it through intramuscular, hypodermic injection. In this manner, an artificial hematoma was created. The conjecture then was that the injection of one’s own blood would activate defensive powers which, in turn, would combat the ”forces of illness within the blood.” Since then, autohemotherapy has been modified and perfected in multifarious ways, yet in actual practice, the original form of autohaemotherapeutic treatment – as irritation therapy, reversal therapy, non-specific excitation, or stimulation therapy – still finds application in numerous individual cases (e.g., in treatment of acne) with highly successful results.
Progressive auto-sanguis therapy according to Reckeweg is autohaemotherapy in a specialized form. Developed from the fundamentals of homoeopathy in conjunction with Reckeweg’s homotoxicological principles, this technique has proven in practical experience to be reliable and exceptionally effective in treating an extremely wide variety of chronic and degenerative diseases including bronchial asthma, eczema, hepatic damage and numerous other disorders (see also ”Empirically-Proven Indications”).
According to the teachings of Reckeweg’s Homotoxicology, virtually every illness may be defined as either a defensive reaction by the organism against toxins or as the expression of toxic damage. It follows, therefore, that the blood of each patient contains those pathogenic poisons (homotoxins) typical for the disease from which that patient suffers. Through withdrawing a patient’s blood, homoeopathically potentizing it over several levels and subsequently re-introducing it by means of hypodermic injection, Reckeweg holds that precisely these pathogenic poisons undergo modification to yield a homoeopathically active therapeutic agent ideal for application in stimulation therapy. In keeping with the Arndt-Schulz Law in the sense of the inverse effect, this agent stimulates the bodily defense systems, thus increasing detoxification and promoting the healing process.
In accordance with Bürgi’s Principle, the addition of appropriate homoeopathic injection preparations intensifies efficacy of the potentized auto-sanguis blood to an even higher degree. When potentizing the patient’s blood during administration of progressive auto-sanguis therapy, therefore, it has proven expedient to employ the homoeopathic preparation which is therapeutically indicated in each individual patient’s case. In summary, progressive auto-sanguis therapy is treatment designed to exert a counteractive effect against exogenic and endogenic homotoxins (including toxic deterioration products from the body’s own cells), thus promoting the healing of chronic disease in a manner harmonious with the laws of nature.
Also discussed in Homotoxicology are further mechanisms of action which play a role in auto-sanguis therapy, the homoeopathic inverse-effect exerted against both auto- antibodies and antigen-antibody reactions in particular. This effect is due to a complement factor which, as a component of the patient’s own blood, is automatically injected in increasing degrees of attenuation during the course of treatment (the so- called complement-inverse-effect; at the 4th level, potentizing of the blood reaches a degree which approximately corresponds to that of C4!).
This would also explain the positive effects in the area of desensitization/hyposensitization which progressive auto-sanguis therapy is frequently observed to achieve in cases of auto-aggressive disease. One must add, however, that no major scientific studies exist on the subject at this time. Presented here, rather, are the results of hypothetical deliberation based on the positive observations made during the course of daily medical practice.
An important component of anti-homotoxic therapy is the suis-organ preparation. These are preferably employed for chronic courses of diseases in the cellular phases. Subsequently, they offer an excellent possibility for the reactivation of organ functions, particularly of elderly patients. The preparations are employed according to the simile principle, that is, the respective preparation of the organ to be treated is applied. Suis- organ preparations contain organic tissues which have been homoeopathically processed, i.e., attenuated and potentized in accordance with Specification 42 of the official German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia 1978 (HAB 1) whose primary materials originate from healthy swine. In accordance with their action, the suis-organ preparations can be characterized as organ-specific medications with stimulative properties. The mechanism through which the suis-organ preparations function is based on the organotropic effects of the substances and/or stimulants contained therein.
Keeping of the donor animals and organ acquisition
The following provides detailed information on the rearing and keeping of swine for the purpose of gaining suis-organ preparations: All swine designated for utilization in gaining organ extracts are descendants from the same breeding line, bred in an operation certified for keeping SPF (”specifically pathogen free”) livestock. This operation is monitored at six- week intervals by the governmental veterinary health service having jurisdiction. At a suitable age, the piglets are transferred and raised in a different agricultural facility. On delivery to this rearing operation, an initial examination is performed by the livestock veterinarian, ensuing passage of which the animals are kept separate from other animals, under veterinary surveillance. Animals requiring medicinal treatment due to any affection are excluded from organ extraction. The animals are given vegetable feed produced on the operation’s own premises. Both operational proprietors have agreed by contract to utilize neither animal meals from mammals, nor waste materials as feed. Upon attaining slaughtering weight and passing release-control by the jurisdictional public veterinarian, the swine are transported to the nearest abattoir, which must possess E.E.C. status. In accordance with regulations for meat hygiene, a live examination of the donor animals is then carried out, as well as meat inspection ensuing slaughter. In all meats attaining the rating ”suitable for human consumption,” samples are drawn for the following additional tests: bacteriological inspection, a test for inhibitory substances, as well as serological analysis for brucellosis, leptospirosis, and yersiniosis in accordance with the Zoonosis Recommendations (July 8, 1991) of the German Federal Ministry of Health.
Removal of the required organs is subsequently performed in an area entirely separate from the remainder of the abattoir, which is utilized exclusively for this purpose. The organs obtained in this manner remain under quarantine until all examination findings have been determined. Only then are the extracted organs released for further processing by the quality control department of the Heel company. The organ preparations are first processed by means of potentization, after which sterilization is then carried out. In this manner, the material preserves the character of the living tissue during potentization; also the preparations thus maintain a direct protein correlation with the affected organ. The measures presented here, all of which are additionally documented by means of official veterinary reports, serve to fulfill one objective: to ensure the highest feasible standard of medicinal safety (zoonosis) for the suis-organ preparations.
The swine as a donor animal
The human organism and that of swine demonstrate numerous similarities in the aspects of chemical and biological constitution, thus a situation of homoeopathic similitude exists. The morphological and other biological similarities between the organisms of man and pig have been the topic of repeated reports during the past several decades. An overview of the factors which man and pig have in common as compiled by Kirkman is provided below (Kirkman, R. L. (1989): ”Of Swine and Man: Organ Physiology in Different Species” In: Hardy, M.A. (ed.): Xenograft 25. Elsevier, Amsterdam and others).
Similar characteristics of man and swine (accordingto Kirkman, 1989):
Size
Dietary habits: omnivorous
Digestive physiology
Nephritic structure and function
Rate and volume of respiration
Location of the coronary arteries
Hemodynamics
Tendency to create fat deposits
Highly susceptible to disease
Social behaviour
From the homoeopathic point of view, therefore, despite the difference in species, an organ preparation acquired from swine and subsequently processed in accordance with homoeopathic techniques may be deemed a simile to the homologous human organs due to the numerous existing functional and structural similarities. As Reckeweg observed, it is on the grounds of these similarities that organ remedies obtained from swine possess greater efficacy than such derived from cattle or sheep.
Suis-organpreparations: fields of application
The suis-organ preparations are employed in treatment of the homologous human organs. The Commission D, the committee in the German Federal Ministry of Health concerned with medicinal processing with jurisdiction over homoeopathy, included the following excerpt in their definition of characteristics for organ preparations manufactured in accordance with the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia, HAB 1: ”Homoeopathically- processed organ preparations are applied on the concept that insufficiency or disturbance of the homologous target-organ in humans shall receive succor through the corresponding organ-medication.” Further, the applicational fields are designated by this commission as ”supportive therapy in cases of insufficiency or disturbance of the homologous human organ.”
The suis-organ preparations are indicated particularly, and primarily, in treatment of cellular phases, especially for chronic affections (i.e., the phases of impregnation, degeneration, and dedifferentiation). Yet these remedies may certainly also find application in phases located to the left of the biological division, e.g., in therapy of pathologically disturbed excretion phases (hyperhidrosis, dysmenorrhea, constipation, eliminatory weakness of the kidneys, etc.) One should also bear in mind that therapy with suis-organ preparations is indicated in treatment of numerous deposition phases as well, such as rheumatic diseases, myomas, adiposis, calculi, and the like.
Dosage and modes of administration
The following table presents a general therapeutic plan for the application of suis-organ preparations in treatment of chronic and/or degenerative organic damage.
Fig. 9
Approximate Periods
Approx. Periodes
3-4 weeks
Preliminary treatment with detoxification agents, i.e. Hepeel, Lymphomyosot, Galium-Heel, Engystol N, Psorinoheel, Ubichinon compositum, Coenzyme compositum etc.
4-5 weeks
Suis-organ preparations administered 1-2 x weekly 8i.m.; s.c., i.d., at acupuncture points, orally or as progressive auto-sanguis therapy; initially in injeel form, after 6-8 injections in injeel-forte form) conjointly with the individually appropriate antihomotoxic remedies.
3-4 weeks
Suis-organ preparations discontinued. adjuvant anti- homotoxic medication continued alone. Second injection-series with suis-organ preparations as required. Upon achieving clinical cure, possible reapplication of organ preparations every 2-3 weeks.
As indicated in the above table, after four to five weeks’ administration of the suis organ preparations in Injeel form, the Injeel forte form is applied i.m. or s.c. on a trial basis, as a type of test ampoule in order to determine the degree in which the affected organ’s functional regeneration has progressed; i.e., whether the healing process has become largely established at that point in therapy or not. In treating severe degenerative phases as well as in therapeutic attempts for dedifferentiation phases more frequent injections may be required (every 2 – 3 days) in addition to the support of agents which foster and promote regressive vicariation (Galium-Heel, Engystol N, Traumeel S). This is performed most conveniently by means of combination injections. Also frequently expedient are such combination injections utilizing the organotherapeutically-indicated biotherapeutic remedy appropriate in each case (e.g., in conjunction with Hepeel). It often occurs that several suis-organ preparations are indicated in a single patient. This is best performed by syringe, either simultaneously by means of a combination injection, or injected periodically in alternation.
Application of suis-organ preparations through i.v. injection should be initially exercised with restraint. This mode of administration is to be employed only ensuing comparatively lengthy i.m., s.c. or i.d. injection (see above!).
Prior to using the organotherapeutically indicated suis-organ preparation, it is advisable in many cases to apply the corresponding, functionally underlying suis-organ preparation with toxic cleansing (=channeling) action for a period of 2 to 3 weeks, i.e., for the treatment of hepatic disorders, Vesica fellea suis prior to Hepar suis, of the renal disorders Vesica urinaria suis and Ureter suis, as well as Pyelon suis prior to Ren suis etc. In case of severe toxic affliction, the most expedient procedure is to precede usage of the specially indicated suis-organ preparation with application of the organ preparation Colon suis D10, D30, D200 (1-2x weekly i.m. or s.c. for 2 to 3 weeks). Colon suis is beneficial here as it supports and normalizes the eliminatory function of the intestine.
Employment of suis-organ preparations in progressive auto-sanguis therapy
This is appropriate, for example, in treating iatrogenic damage, toxic hepatic damage, migraine, chronic eczema, bronchial asthma, duodenal and ventricular ulcers, arthrosis, as well as lymphatism. See also the related data on hyperimmunization-therapy employing suis-organ preparations (page 44).
Applicational restrictions
Since immunological mechanisms are stimulated through the suis-organ preparations, a stimulative action of the suis-organ preparations is frequently no longer expected in cases of pronounced cachexia and/or marasmus. On the other hand, a possibly occurring focal reaction during the degradation of damaged cells can endanger cachectic and marantic patients in certain circumstances.
Forms in which suis-organ preparations are supplied
For parenteral (and possibly oral; see point 4!) organotherapy, the suis-organ preparations are available in ampoules of 1.1 ml as potency chords in two degrees of strength: as the potency chord D10, D30, and D200, and as the forte form with potency chords D8, D12, D30, and D200. A number of suis-organ preparations are available as single potencies D6 and D200; these are also supplied in ampoules of 1,1 ml. each.
Constituents
In order to conserve space, the entries below have been presented in condensed form. Both degrees of strength – identified in each case through the corresponding addendum ”Injeel” or ”Injeel forte” – contain potency chords and volumes as indicated above.
Example:
Aorta suis-Injeel
1,1 ml injection solution cont.: 0,367 ml each of Aorta suis D10, Aorta suis D30, Aorta suis D200
Aorta suis-Injeel forte
1,1 ml. injection solution cont.: 0,275 ml each of Aorta suis D8, Aorta suis D12, Aorta suis D30, Aorta suis D200. 1,1 ml. injection solution cont.: 0,275 ml each of Aorta suis D8, Aorta suis D12, Aorta suis D30, Aorta suis D200.
1,1 ml injection solution cont.: 0,275 ml each of Arteria suis D8, Arteria suis D10, Arteria suis D30, Arteris suis D200.
All the suis-organ preparations are formulated in the same general pattern as illustrated here. Prescriptions should always bear the precise designation ”Injeel” or ”Injeel forte” in order to facilitate acquisition of the proper medication through the chemist and wholesaler.
Collagen is the most abundant protein in man, accounting for 5-6% of adults’ body weight ( Hall, 1964 ). The basic unit of collagen is tropocollagen, a glycoprotein formed by only 4 amino acids (proline, hydroxyproline, glycine, and lysine), organized in a triple helix.
The triple helix (three alpha-chains) of tropocollagen, the basic unit of mature collagen. The molecule is stabilized by the presence in the alpha chains of hydroxylated amino acids whose H+ bonds give it strength and rigidity.
This gives the molecule great strength, rigidity, and flexibility. Tropocollagen gives origin to mature collagen, organized in fibrils and then fibers.
a) Tendon in cross-section [350X magnification (Chèvremont)]. The collagen fibers are grouped in sepimented bundles of different levels.
b) Hierarchical structure of the tendon according to Kastelic et Al., 1978 (reconstructed and updated).
Collagen is a real structure-protein, resistant and flexible.
Collagen fibers play an important role in in the formation of tissues and extracellular matrix, building the scaffold of the body, being the main component of skin, bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules, cartilage, and extracellular matrix.
Optimal joint functionality is ensured by stabilization structures that are found in: 1) the extra-articular compartment (ligaments, joint capsule, tendons, and muscles) 2) the intra-articular compartment (intra-articular ligaments and articular cartilage).
Extra-articular restraint apparatus. Four reinforcing overlapped structures (1, 2, 3, 4) cooperate to achieve good articular resistance, providing co-axial articular function or articular function according to the physiological slipping axes.
These structures, which allow stability and locomotion at the same time, consist essentially of collagen. Therefore, collagen health is necessary for the health of the entire osteo-arthro-myofascial apparatus. Collagen is also essential for activating the repair processes of all tissues; however, collagen turnover is physiologically very slow.
A – Continuity of collagen fibers in the ligament of adult rats. Electron Microscope images from Provenzano P.P. and Vanderby R. Jr. – Collagen fibril morphology and organization: Implication for force transmission in ligament and tendon. Matrix Biology 25(2006) 71-84.
B – Post-traumatic repair of the collagen texture. Electron Microscope images from Provenzano P.P., Hurschler C., Vanderby R. Jr. – Connect. Tiss. Res. 42:123-133, 2001.
Physiologically, the peak of collagen biosynthesis occurs between 45 and 60 years of age. After this age, a quick decrease of collagen is accompanied by a decrease in elastin and proteoglycans as well.
Life curve of the most important macromolecules of the extracellular matrix (H. – Manuale di Medicina Biologica. Regolazione di base e matrice extracellulare. Guna Editore, 2009.” in Heine, 2009)
Aging, trauma, posture problems, and chronic inflammatory diseases damage the integrity and the quality of collagen fibers. Collagen fibers appear no longer organized in a parallel or linear way and may display disruptions and overlapping. This prevents collagen structures from acting properly as mechanical support, or scaffold, of the entire body. Moreover, a collagen deficiency is always present in inflammatory and/or degenerative diseases of the osteo-arthro-myofascial apparatus and of other structures of mesodermal origin.
Collagen in arthro-rheumopathies
Arthro-rheumatic disorders are inflammatory and/or degenerative diseases of the osteo-arthro-myofascial apparatus and of other structures of mesodermal origin such as connective tissue.
It has been estimated that 15-20% of the general population is affected by pathologies of the Musculo-Skeletal System, better defined as arthro-rheumatic disorders, representing 70% of the patients with chronic pain. In modern societies characterized by an increase of factors such as longer life expectancy, overweight, amateur and professional sport activities, unhealthy diet and incorrect use of drugs, the incidence of these pathologies is rapidly increasing, and will increase in future.
All arthro-rheumatic disorders are characterized by collagen deficiency/ disorders (decrease and degeneration of collagen neo-synthesis).
After 50 years of age, collagen synthesis decreases dramatically. The weakening of collagen fibers causes laxity in the anatomical structures needed to contain and stabilize the joints. As a result, joint hypermobility, especially in non-physiological directions and angles, causes joint pain and leads to a progressive degeneration of cartilage and tendons.
Therefore, the primary cause of joint pain is the weakening of collagen structures in the extra articular compartment and in those joints (shoulder, hip, knee) that have intra-articular ligaments. Joint hypermobility, joint overload and misuse increase mechanical stress and cause overuse processes, which are associated to inflammation in the intra-articular and extra-articular compartment.
The treatment of arthro-rheumatic disorders usually consists of a combination of:
2) osteopathic and rehabilitative treatments, associated with a change in lifestyle (diet, exercise, etc.).
3) pharmacological treatments, e.g. COXIB, NSAIDs, paracetamol, corticocosteroids, ASA. However, clinical EBM trials highlight that NSAIDs and COX-2 selective inhibitors are useful only for a short time, against symptomatic inflammatory symptoms and are charged of frequent and even strong negative side effects. In the presence of chronic painful diseases, a prolonged use of these drugs inhibits the healing processes causing lack of mechanical strength and serious articular damage in the medium and long term. NSAIDs reduce the synthesis of new collagen. Moreover, the use of these drugs is contraindicated during treatment with oral anticoagulants.
4) Viscosupplementation with hyaluronic acid of different molecular weight into large joints (shoulder, hip, knee), aiming at replacing the hyaluronic acid of the synovial fluid, with lubricating and cushioning effect on the intra-articular compartment.
5) Surgical treatment: prosthesis or fixation (arthrodesis).
6) Guna Collagen Medical Devices: an innovative therapeutic tool.
Collagen in Orthopedics, Traumatology, Sport Medicine, Rehabilitative Medicine
Traumatic injuries, just like overuse and aging, damage the integrity of collagen fibers, which appear no longer organized in a parallel or linear way and may display lacerations. This can be the case of acute muscular, ligament or tendon injuries, so frequent in professional and amateur athletes. Moreover, continuous micortrauma caused by repetitive stress typical of sports activities also have a detrimental effect of collagen structures. The damaged tissue undergoes a long recovery process: a short inflammation phase is followed by a proliferative (repair) phase and then a remodeling phase. During the proliferative phase, the fibroblasts are urged to build and reorganize the scaffold of the extracellular matrix, which is mainly composed of collagen.
During the following remodeling phase, it is important to improve the endurance of the damaged tissue, in order avoid future recurrences.
Collagen in Aesthetic medicine
As we age, there is a natural decline in collagen production. There is also an increase in the enzyme collagenase which breaks collagen down. This results in an overall decrease in the amount of collagen in the dermis. Another factor contributing to decreased collagen levels is free radicals from UV exposure. Areas with less support begin to cave in and wrinkles begin to form. The destruction of collagen is a major contribution to the loss of skin suppleness and structure that occurs with advancing age.